dm-ima

对于给定系统，各种外部服务/基础设施工具（包括认证服务）在设置和系统运行时都会与它交互。它们共享敏感数据和/或在该系统上执行关键工作负载。外部服务可能希望在完全信任该系统承载业务关键数据/工作负载之前，验证相关内核子系统的当前运行时状态。

设备映射器通过使用各种目标类型（如 crypt、verity、integrity 等）为块设备提供各种重要功能，在给定系统上发挥着关键作用。这些目标类型中的每一种功能都可以通过各种属性进行配置。选择用于配置这些目标类型的属性可以显著影响块设备乃至系统本身的安全配置文件。例如，加密算法的类型和密钥大小决定了给定块设备的加密强度。

因此，在外部服务完全信任系统承载业务关键数据/工作负载之前，验证各种块设备的当前状态及其各种目标属性至关重要。

IMA 内核子系统提供了设备映射器测量各种块设备状态和配置所需的功能——

• 由设备映射器本身在内核内部进行测量，

• 以防篡改的方式进行测量，

• 并在状态/配置更改时重新测量。

设置 IMA 策略：

为了让 IMA 测量给定系统上的数据，系统上的 IMA 策略需要更新为包含以下行，并且系统需要重新启动才能使测量生效。

/etc/ima/ima-policy
   measure func=CRITICAL_DATA label=device-mapper template=ima-buf

测量结果将反映在 IMA 日志中，日志位于

/sys/kernel/security/integrity/ima/ascii_runtime_measurements
/sys/kernel/security/integrity/ima/binary_runtime_measurements

IMA ASCII 测量日志的格式如下

<PCR> <TEMPLATE_DATA_DIGEST> <TEMPLATE_NAME> <TEMPLATE_DATA>

PCR := Platform Configuration Register, in which the values are registered.
      This is applicable if TPM chip is in use.

TEMPLATE_DATA_DIGEST := Template data digest of the IMA record.
TEMPLATE_NAME := Template name that registered the integrity value (e.g. ima-buf).

TEMPLATE_DATA := <ALG> ":" <EVENT_DIGEST> <EVENT_NAME> <EVENT_DATA>
                 It contains data for the specific event to be measured,
                 in a given template data format.

ALG := Algorithm to compute event digest
EVENT_DIGEST := Digest of the event data
EVENT_NAME := Description of the event (e.g. 'dm_table_load').
EVENT_DATA := The event data to be measured.

注 1

DM 子系统测量的数据可以通过设置 DM_IMA_MEASUREMENT_FLAG 和 DM_TABLE_STATUS_CMD 从用户空间查询。

注 2

内核配置 CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE 允许测量重复记录。

为了支持在 IMA 日志中记录重复的 IMA 事件，内核需要配置 CONFIG_IMA_DISABLE_HTABLE=y。

支持的设备状态：

以下设备状态更改将触发 IMA 测量

1. 表加载 (Table load)

2. 设备恢复 (Device resume)

3. 设备移除 (Device remove)

4. 表清除 (Table clear)

5. 设备重命名 (Device rename)

1. 表加载：

当新表加载到设备的非活动表槽中时，将测量设备信息和表中目标的特定细节。

IMA 测量日志中“dm_table_load”的格式如下

EVENT_NAME := "dm_table_load"
EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data>

dm_version_str := "dm_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
                 Same as Device Mapper driver version.
device_metadata := <device_name> "," <device_uuid> "," <device_major> "," <device_minor> ","
                  <minor_count> "," <num_device_targets> ";"

device_name := "name=" <dm-device-name>
device_uuid := "uuid=" <dm-device-uuid>
device_major := "major=" <N>
device_minor := "minor=" <N>
minor_count := "minor_count=" <N>
num_device_targets := "num_targets=" <N>
dm-device-name := Name of the device. If it contains special characters like '\', ',', ';',
                  they are prefixed with '\'.
dm-device-uuid := UUID of the device. If it contains special characters like '\', ',', ';',
                  they are prefixed with '\'.

table_load_data := <target_data>
                   Represents the data (as name=value pairs) from various targets in the table,
                   which is being loaded into the DM device's inactive table slot.
target_data := <target_data_row> | <target_data><target_data_row>

target_data_row := <target_index> "," <target_begin> "," <target_len> "," <target_name> ","
                   <target_version> "," <target_attributes> ";"
target_index := "target_index=" <N>
                Represents nth target in the table (from 0 to N-1 targets specified in <num_device_targets>)
                If all the data for N targets doesn't fit in the given buffer - then the data that fits
                in the buffer (say from target 0 to x) is measured in a given IMA event.
                The remaining data from targets x+1 to N-1 is measured in the subsequent IMA events,
                with the same format as that of 'dm_table_load'
                i.e. <dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data>.

target_begin := "target_begin=" <N>
target_len := "target_len=" <N>
target_name := Name of the target. 'linear', 'crypt', 'integrity' etc.
               The targets that are supported for IMA measurements are documented below in the
               'Supported targets' section.
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
target_attributes := Data containing comma separated list of name=value pairs of target specific attributes.

For instance, if a linear device is created with the following table entries,
 # dmsetup create linear1
 0 2 linear /dev/loop0 512
 2 2 linear /dev/loop0 512
 4 2 linear /dev/loop0 512
 6 2 linear /dev/loop0 512

Then IMA ASCII measurement log will have the following entry:
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

10 a8c5ff755561c7a28146389d1514c318592af49a ima-buf sha256:4d73481ecce5eadba8ab084640d85bb9ca899af4d0a122989252a76efadc5b72
dm_table_load
dm_version=4.45.0;
name=linear1,uuid=,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=4;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;
target_index=1,target_begin=2,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;
target_index=2,target_begin=4,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;
target_index=3,target_begin=6,target_len=2,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,device_name=7:0,start=512;

2. 设备恢复：

当挂起的设备恢复时，将测量设备信息和上次加载活动表时的数据哈希。

IMA 测量日志中“dm_device_resume”的格式如下

EVENT_NAME := "dm_device_resume"
EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <active_table_hash> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"

dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
device_metadata := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
active_table_hash := "active_table_hash=" <table_hash_alg> ":" <table_hash>
                     Rerpresents the hash of the IMA data being measured for the
                     active table for the device.
table_hash_alg := Algorithm used to compute the hash.
table_hash := Hash of the (<dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data> ";")
              as described in the 'dm_table_load' above.
              Note: If the table_load data spans across multiple IMA 'dm_table_load'
              events for a given device, the hash is computed combining all the event data
              i.e. (<dm_version_str> ";" <device_metadata> ";" <table_load_data> ";")
              across all those events.
current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>

For instance, if a linear device is resumed with the following command,
#dmsetup resume linear1

then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

10 56c00cc062ffc24ccd9ac2d67d194af3282b934e ima-buf sha256:e7d12c03b958b4e0e53e7363a06376be88d98a1ac191fdbd3baf5e4b77f329b6
dm_device_resume
dm_version=4.45.0;
name=linear1,uuid=,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=4;
active_table_hash=sha256:4d73481ecce5eadba8ab084640d85bb9ca899af4d0a122989252a76efadc5b72;current_device_capacity=8;

3. 设备移除：

当设备移除时，将测量设备信息和活动表与非活动表数据的 sha256 哈希。

IMA 测量日志中“dm_device_remove”的格式如下

EVENT_NAME := "dm_device_remove"
EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_active_metadata> ";" <device_inactive_metadata> ";"
              <active_table_hash> "," <inactive_table_hash> "," <remove_all> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"

dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
device_active_metadata := Device metadata that reflects the currently loaded active table.
                          The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
device_inactive_metadata := Device metadata that reflects the inactive table.
                            The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
active_table_hash := Hash of the currently loaded active table.
                     The format is same as 'active_table_hash' described in the 'Device resume' section above.
inactive_table_hash :=  Hash of the inactive table.
                        The format is same as 'active_table_hash' described in the 'Device resume' section above.
remove_all := "remove_all=" <yes_no>
yes_no := "y" | "n"
current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>

For instance, if a linear device is removed with the following command,
 #dmsetup remove l1

then IMA ASCII measurement log will have the following entry:
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

10 790e830a3a7a31590824ac0642b3b31c2d0e8b38 ima-buf sha256:ab9f3c959367a8f5d4403d6ce9c3627dadfa8f9f0e7ec7899299782388de3840
dm_device_remove
dm_version=4.45.0;
device_active_metadata=name=l1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=2;
device_inactive_metadata=name=l1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
active_table_hash=sha256:4a7e62efaebfc86af755831998b7db6f59b60d23c9534fb16a4455907957953a,
inactive_table_hash=sha256:9d79c175bc2302d55a183e8f50ad4bafd60f7692fd6249e5fd213e2464384b86,remove_all=n;
current_device_capacity=2048;

4. 表清除：

当非活动表从设备中清除时，将测量设备信息和非活动表数据的 sha256 哈希。

IMA 测量日志中“dm_table_clear”的格式如下

EVENT_NAME := "dm_table_clear"
EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_inactive_metadata> ";" <inactive_table_hash> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"

dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
device_inactive_metadata := Device metadata that was captured during the load time inactive table being cleared.
                            The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
inactive_table_hash := Hash of the inactive table being cleared from the device.
                       The format is same as 'active_table_hash' described in the 'Device resume' section above.
current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>

For instance, if a linear device's inactive table is cleared,
 #dmsetup clear l1

then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

10 77d347408f557f68f0041acb0072946bb2367fe5 ima-buf sha256:42f9ca22163fdfa548e6229dece2959bc5ce295c681644240035827ada0e1db5
dm_table_clear
dm_version=4.45.0;
name=l1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
inactive_table_hash=sha256:75c0dc347063bf474d28a9907037eba060bfe39d8847fc0646d75e149045d545;current_device_capacity=1024;

5. 设备重命名：

当设备的 NAME 或 UUID 更改时，将测量设备信息、新的 NAME 和 UUID。

IMA 测量日志中“dm_device_rename”的格式如下

EVENT_NAME := "dm_device_rename"
EVENT_DATA := <dm_version_str> ";" <device_active_metadata> ";" <new_device_name> "," <new_device_uuid> ";" <current_device_capacity> ";"

dm_version_str := As described in the 'Table load' section above.
device_active_metadata := Device metadata that reflects the currently loaded active table.
                          The format is same as 'device_metadata' described in the 'Table load' section above.
new_device_name := "new_name=" <dm-device-name>
dm-device-name := Same as <dm-device-name> described in 'Table load' section above
new_device_uuid := "new_uuid=" <dm-device-uuid>
dm-device-uuid := Same as <dm-device-uuid> described in 'Table load' section above
current_device_capacity := "current_device_capacity=" <N>

E.g 1: if a linear device's name is changed with the following command,
 #dmsetup rename linear1 --setuuid 1234-5678

then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

10 8b0423209b4c66ac1523f4c9848c9b51ee332f48 ima-buf sha256:6847b7258134189531db593e9230b257c84f04038b5a18fd2e1473860e0569ac
dm_device_rename
dm_version=4.45.0;
name=linear1,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;new_name=linear1,new_uuid=1234-5678;
current_device_capacity=1024;

E.g 2:  if a linear device's name is changed with the following command,
 # dmsetup rename linear1 linear=2

then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry with:
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

10 bef70476b99c2bdf7136fae033aa8627da1bf76f ima-buf sha256:8c6f9f53b9ef9dc8f92a2f2cca8910e622543d0f0d37d484870cb16b95111402
dm_device_rename
dm_version=4.45.0;
name=linear1,uuid=1234-5678,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
new_name=linear\=2,new_uuid=1234-5678;
current_device_capacity=1024;

支持的目标：

以下目标支持使用 IMA 测量其数据

1. cache (缓存)

2. crypt (加密)

3. integrity (完整性)

4. linear (线性)

5. mirror (镜像)

6. multipath (多路径)

7. raid (RAID)

8. snapshot (快照)

9. striped (条带)

10. verity (真实性)

1. 缓存 (cache)

“cache”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <metadata_mode> "," <cache_metadata_device> ","
                     <cache_device> "," <cache_origin_device> "," <writethrough> "," <writeback> ","
                     <passthrough> "," <no_discard_passdown> ";"

target_name := "target_name=cache"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
metadata_mode := "metadata_mode=" <cache_metadata_mode>
cache_metadata_mode := "fail" | "ro" | "rw"
cache_device := "cache_device=" <cache_device_name_string>
cache_origin_device := "cache_origin_device=" <cache_origin_device_string>
writethrough := "writethrough=" <yes_no>
writeback := "writeback=" <yes_no>
passthrough := "passthrough=" <yes_no>
no_discard_passdown := "no_discard_passdown=" <yes_no>
yes_no := "y" | "n"

E.g.
When a 'cache' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'cache' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;name=cache1,uuid=cache_uuid,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=28672,target_name=cache,target_version=2.2.0,metadata_mode=rw,
cache_metadata_device=253:4,cache_device=253:3,cache_origin_device=253:5,writethrough=y,writeback=n,
passthrough=n,metadata2=y,no_discard_passdown=n;

2. 加密 (crypt)

“crypt”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <allow_discards> "," <same_cpu_crypt> ","
                     <submit_from_crypt_cpus> "," <no_read_workqueue> "," <no_write_workqueue> ","
                     <iv_large_sectors> "," <iv_large_sectors> "," [<integrity_tag_size> ","] [<cipher_auth> ","]
                     [<sector_size> ","] [<cipher_string> ","] <key_size> "," <key_parts> ","
                     <key_extra_size> "," <key_mac_size> ";"

target_name := "target_name=crypt"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
allow_discards := "allow_discards=" <yes_no>
same_cpu_crypt := "same_cpu_crypt=" <yes_no>
submit_from_crypt_cpus := "submit_from_crypt_cpus=" <yes_no>
no_read_workqueue := "no_read_workqueue=" <yes_no>
no_write_workqueue := "no_write_workqueue=" <yes_no>
iv_large_sectors := "iv_large_sectors=" <yes_no>
integrity_tag_size := "integrity_tag_size=" <N>
cipher_auth := "cipher_auth=" <string>
sector_size := "sector_size="  <N>
cipher_string := "cipher_string="
key_size := "key_size="  <N>
key_parts := "key_parts="  <N>
key_extra_size := "key_extra_size="  <N>
key_mac_size := "key_mac_size="  <N>
yes_no := "y" | "n"

E.g.
When a 'crypt' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'crypt' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=crypt1,uuid=crypt_uuid1,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=1953125,target_name=crypt,target_version=1.23.0,
allow_discards=y,same_cpu=n,submit_from_crypt_cpus=n,no_read_workqueue=n,no_write_workqueue=n,
iv_large_sectors=n,cipher_string=aes-xts-plain64,key_size=32,key_parts=1,key_extra_size=0,key_mac_size=0;

3. 完整性 (integrity)

“integrity”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <dev_name> "," <start>
                     <tag_size> "," <mode> "," [<meta_device> ","] [<block_size> ","] <recalculate> ","
                     <allow_discards> "," <fix_padding> "," <fix_hmac> "," <legacy_recalculate> ","
                     <journal_sectors> "," <interleave_sectors> "," <buffer_sectors> ";"

target_name := "target_name=integrity"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
dev_name := "dev_name=" <device_name_str>
start := "start=" <N>
tag_size := "tag_size=" <N>
mode := "mode=" <integrity_mode_str>
integrity_mode_str := "J" | "B" | "D" | "R"
meta_device := "meta_device=" <meta_device_str>
block_size := "block_size=" <N>
recalculate := "recalculate=" <yes_no>
allow_discards := "allow_discards=" <yes_no>
fix_padding := "fix_padding=" <yes_no>
fix_hmac := "fix_hmac=" <yes_no>
legacy_recalculate := "legacy_recalculate=" <yes_no>
journal_sectors := "journal_sectors=" <N>
interleave_sectors := "interleave_sectors=" <N>
buffer_sectors := "buffer_sectors=" <N>
yes_no := "y" | "n"

E.g.
When a 'integrity' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'integrity' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=integrity1,uuid=,major=253,minor=1,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=7856,target_name=integrity,target_version=1.10.0,
dev_name=253:0,start=0,tag_size=32,mode=J,recalculate=n,allow_discards=n,fix_padding=n,
fix_hmac=n,legacy_recalculate=n,journal_sectors=88,interleave_sectors=32768,buffer_sectors=128;

4. 线性 (linear)

“linear”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <device_name> <,> <start> ";"

target_name := "target_name=linear"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
device_name := "device_name=" <linear_device_name_str>
start := "start=" <N>

E.g.
When a 'linear' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'linear' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=linear1,uuid=linear_uuid1,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=28672,target_name=linear,target_version=1.4.0,
device_name=253:1,start=2048;

5. 镜像 (mirror)

“mirror”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <nr_mirrors> ","
                     <mirror_device_data> "," <handle_errors> "," <keep_log> "," <log_type_status> ";"

target_name := "target_name=mirror"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
nr_mirrors := "nr_mirrors=" <NR>
mirror_device_data := <mirror_device_row> | <mirror_device_data><mirror_device_row>
                      mirror_device_row is repeated <NR> times - for <NR> described in <nr_mirrors>.
mirror_device_row := <mirror_device_name> "," <mirror_device_status>
mirror_device_name := "mirror_device_" <X> "=" <mirror_device_name_str>
                      where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NR> -1) - for <NR> described in <nr_mirrors>.
mirror_device_status := "mirror_device_" <X> "_status=" <mirror_device_status_char>
                        where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NR> -1) - for <NR> described in <nr_mirrors>.
mirror_device_status_char := "A" | "F" | "D" | "S" | "R" | "U"
handle_errors := "handle_errors=" <yes_no>
keep_log := "keep_log=" <yes_no>
log_type_status := "log_type_status=" <log_type_status_str>
yes_no := "y" | "n"

E.g.
When a 'mirror' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'mirror' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=mirror1,uuid=mirror_uuid1,major=253,minor=6,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2048,target_name=mirror,target_version=1.14.0,nr_mirrors=2,
   mirror_device_0=253:4,mirror_device_0_status=A,
   mirror_device_1=253:5,mirror_device_1_status=A,
handle_errors=y,keep_log=n,log_type_status=;

6. 多路径 (multipath)

“multipath”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <nr_priority_groups>
                     ["," <pg_state> "," <priority_groups> "," <priority_group_paths>] ";"

target_name := "target_name=multipath"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
nr_priority_groups := "nr_priority_groups=" <NPG>
priority_groups := <priority_groups_row>|<priority_groups_row><priority_groups>
priority_groups_row := "pg_state_" <X> "=" <pg_state_str> "," "nr_pgpaths_" <X>  "=" <NPGP> ","
                       "path_selector_name_" <X> "=" <string> "," <priority_group_paths>
                       where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NPG> -1) - for <NPG> described in <nr_priority_groups>.
pg_state_str := "E" | "A" | "D"
<priority_group_paths> := <priority_group_paths_row> | <priority_group_paths_row><priority_group_paths>
priority_group_paths_row := "path_name_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <string> "," "is_active_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <is_active_str>
                            "fail_count_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <N> "," "path_selector_status_" <X> "_" <Y> "=" <path_selector_status_str>
                            where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NPG> -1) - for <NPG> described in <nr_priority_groups>,
                            and <Y> ranges from 0 to (<NPGP> -1) - for <NPGP> described in <priority_groups_row>.
is_active_str := "A" | "F"

E.g.
When a 'multipath' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'multipath' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=mp,uuid=,major=253,minor=0,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2097152,target_name=multipath,target_version=1.14.0,nr_priority_groups=2,
   pg_state_0=E,nr_pgpaths_0=2,path_selector_name_0=queue-length,
       path_name_0_0=8:16,is_active_0_0=A,fail_count_0_0=0,path_selector_status_0_0=,
       path_name_0_1=8:32,is_active_0_1=A,fail_count_0_1=0,path_selector_status_0_1=,
   pg_state_1=E,nr_pgpaths_1=2,path_selector_name_1=queue-length,
       path_name_1_0=8:48,is_active_1_0=A,fail_count_1_0=0,path_selector_status_1_0=,
       path_name_1_1=8:64,is_active_1_1=A,fail_count_1_1=0,path_selector_status_1_1=;

7. RAID

“raid”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <raid_type> "," <raid_disks> "," <raid_state>
                     <raid_device_status> ["," journal_dev_mode] ";"

target_name := "target_name=raid"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
raid_type := "raid_type=" <raid_type_str>
raid_disks := "raid_disks=" <NRD>
raid_state := "raid_state=" <raid_state_str>
raid_state_str := "frozen" | "reshape" |"resync" | "check" | "repair" | "recover" | "idle" |"undef"
raid_device_status := <raid_device_status_row> | <raid_device_status_row><raid_device_status>
                      <raid_device_status_row> is repeated <NRD> times - for <NRD> described in <raid_disks>.
raid_device_status_row := "raid_device_" <X> "_status=" <raid_device_status_str>
                          where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NRD> -1) - for <NRD> described in <raid_disks>.
raid_device_status_str := "A" | "D" | "a" | "-"
journal_dev_mode := "journal_dev_mode=" <journal_dev_mode_str>
journal_dev_mode_str := "writethrough" | "writeback" | "invalid"

E.g.
When a 'raid' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'raid' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=raid_LV1,uuid=uuid_raid_LV1,major=253,minor=12,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=2048,target_name=raid,target_version=1.15.1,
raid_type=raid10,raid_disks=4,raid_state=idle,
   raid_device_0_status=A,
   raid_device_1_status=A,
   raid_device_2_status=A,
   raid_device_3_status=A;

8. 快照 (snapshot)

“snapshot”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <snap_origin_name> ","
                     <snap_cow_name> "," <snap_valid> "," <snap_merge_failed> "," <snapshot_overflowed> ";"

target_name := "target_name=snapshot"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
snap_origin_name := "snap_origin_name=" <string>
snap_cow_name := "snap_cow_name=" <string>
snap_valid := "snap_valid=" <yes_no>
snap_merge_failed := "snap_merge_failed=" <yes_no>
snapshot_overflowed := "snapshot_overflowed=" <yes_no>
yes_no := "y" | "n"

E.g.
When a 'snapshot' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'snapshot' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=snap1,uuid=snap_uuid1,major=253,minor=13,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=4096,target_name=snapshot,target_version=1.16.0,
snap_origin_name=253:11,snap_cow_name=253:12,snap_valid=y,snap_merge_failed=n,snapshot_overflowed=n;

9. 条带 (striped)

“striped”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <stripes> "," <chunk_size> ","
                     <stripe_data> ";"

target_name := "target_name=striped"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
stripes := "stripes=" <NS>
chunk_size := "chunk_size=" <N>
stripe_data := <stripe_data_row>|<stripe_data><stripe_data_row>
stripe_data_row := <stripe_device_name> "," <stripe_physical_start> "," <stripe_status>
stripe_device_name := "stripe_" <X> "_device_name=" <stripe_device_name_str>
                      where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NS> -1) - for <NS> described in <stripes>.
stripe_physical_start := "stripe_" <X> "_physical_start=" <N>
                          where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NS> -1) - for <NS> described in <stripes>.
stripe_status := "stripe_" <X> "_status=" <stripe_status_str>
                 where <X> ranges from 0 to (<NS> -1) - for <NS> described in <stripes>.
stripe_status_str := "D" | "A"

E.g.
When a 'striped' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'striped' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=striped1,uuid=striped_uuid1,major=253,minor=5,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=640,target_name=striped,target_version=1.6.0,stripes=2,chunk_size=64,
   stripe_0_device_name=253:0,stripe_0_physical_start=2048,stripe_0_status=A,
   stripe_1_device_name=253:3,stripe_1_physical_start=2048,stripe_1_status=A;

10. 真实性 (verity)

“verity”目标的“target_attributes”（如上文“Table load”部分 EVENT_DATA 中所述）具有以下数据格式。

target_attributes := <target_name> "," <target_version> "," <hash_failed> "," <verity_version> ","
                     <data_device_name> "," <hash_device_name> "," <verity_algorithm> "," <root_digest> ","
                     <salt> "," <ignore_zero_blocks> "," <check_at_most_once> ["," <root_hash_sig_key_desc>]
                     ["," <verity_mode>] ";"

target_name := "target_name=verity"
target_version := "target_version=" <N> "." <N> "." <N>
hash_failed := "hash_failed=" <hash_failed_str>
hash_failed_str := "C" | "V"
verity_version := "verity_version=" <verity_version_str>
data_device_name := "data_device_name=" <data_device_name_str>
hash_device_name := "hash_device_name=" <hash_device_name_str>
verity_algorithm := "verity_algorithm=" <verity_algorithm_str>
root_digest := "root_digest=" <root_digest_str>
salt := "salt=" <salt_str>
salt_str := "-" <verity_salt_str>
ignore_zero_blocks := "ignore_zero_blocks=" <yes_no>
check_at_most_once := "check_at_most_once=" <yes_no>
root_hash_sig_key_desc := "root_hash_sig_key_desc="
verity_mode := "verity_mode=" <verity_mode_str>
verity_mode_str := "ignore_corruption" | "restart_on_corruption" | "panic_on_corruption" | "invalid"
yes_no := "y" | "n"

E.g.
When a 'verity' target is loaded, then IMA ASCII measurement log will have an entry
similar to the following, depicting what 'verity' attributes are measured in EVENT_DATA
for 'dm_table_load' event.
(converted from ASCII to text for readability)

dm_version=4.45.0;
name=test-verity,uuid=,major=253,minor=2,minor_count=1,num_targets=1;
target_index=0,target_begin=0,target_len=1953120,target_name=verity,target_version=1.8.0,hash_failed=V,
verity_version=1,data_device_name=253:1,hash_device_name=253:0,verity_algorithm=sha256,
root_digest=29cb87e60ce7b12b443ba6008266f3e41e93e403d7f298f8e3f316b29ff89c5e,
salt=e48da609055204e89ae53b655ca2216dd983cf3cb829f34f63a297d106d53e2d,
ignore_zero_blocks=n,check_at_most_once=n;